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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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“上热下寒”该如何调理******

　　每到冬季，有一类人在怕冷的同时，身体还出现上火的症状，上半身是“火炉”，下半身是“冰窖”。从中医角度来讲，这类人属于“上热下寒”症，也就是人体在同一时期既有“热”的症状，又有“寒”的症状。

　　阴阳失衡导致“上热下寒”

　　“上热下寒”的说法很早就存在。《黄帝内经》中提到：“上热于寒，视其虚脉而陷之于经络者取之，气下乃止，此所谓引而下之者也。”《诸病源候论》中也写道：“阳气并于上则上热，阴气并于下则下寒。”也就是说，“上热下寒”是因为人体阴阳升降失常、阴并于下、寒热异味、无法上下流通导致的一系列症状。

　　厦门市中医院体质调理专病门诊副主任医师李步双说，人体如果阴阳平衡，上肢热气正常下沉归元，肾脏的寒气上提滋阴养元，肌体就能阴阳相生，水火既济。当身体上焦的心火无法下流，下面的肾水无法上升，心肾不交，阴阳离绝，身体自然就会上焦过于火旺，下焦过于寒凉，产生各种各样寒热失衡的疾病，形成“上热下寒”的现象。

　　“上热”“下寒”症状各异

　　“上热”有哪些表现？李步双介绍，主要是咽痛口苦、口腔溃疡，还伴有长青春痘、牙龈肿痛等，慢性病如咽炎、中耳炎、甲状腺异常等病症也容易抬头。“下寒”的表现主要体现在胃部以下较正常人更加怕冷，例如足膝发凉、腿脚冰凉、不敢吃凉，胃部也普遍有消化不良、腹泻胀气等情况。李步双介绍，“上热下寒”的另一明显特征是失眠、易醒、睡眠质量较差。在饮食上，这类人群也非常敏感，吃少许辛辣的热气东西就上火，吃一点冷食的寒凉东西就腹泻。

　　李步双说，“上热下寒”的人在如今并不鲜见。有些人生活习惯不好，常吃生冷蔬果和辛辣油腻的油炸物，体内阴阳颠倒。另外，一些人整天坐在电脑前不动，导致上下水火不易流通。晚上熬夜过度，颠倒黑白，长此以往，“上热下寒”的体质就形成了。

　　三种方法调理“上热下寒”

　　厦门瑞来春中医门诊部负责人周本草建议，调理“上热下寒”的体质要注意三点。

　　首先，可以尝试多泡脚，温暖下肢，引气血下行。泡脚可以促进足部保暖，改善血液循环。可以煮艾叶、肉桂来泡脚，也可以用专门的泡脚方，效果更好。

　　其次，饮食方面也要注意。“上热下寒”的人饮食要清淡，不能吃太饱，给脾胃留一些消化的空间。平时可多吃些茯苓、山药、莲子、黑豆等温和食物，尽量少吃生冷油腻的食物，忌吃辛辣伤阴的食物。

　　再次，“上热下寒”的人可重点关注身体四个穴位：关元、足三里、三阴交、涌泉穴。对这四个穴位，可进行推拿，也可以尝试艾灸。值得一提的是，睡觉前，用掌心来回搓热涌泉穴，有很好的效果。

　　另外，“上热下寒”的人还可以通过针灸来调理。针对“上热下寒”症状，通过针刺疏通的方法，引热下行，恢复身体寒热平衡的状态。针灸穴位主要是曲池、合谷、太冲等穴位。

　　（摘自《厦门晚报》）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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